Integral
$\int_0^1 f(x) dx$
\int_0^1 f(x) dx
The symbol "\int" is derived from the concept of integration. The limits of integration are represented using a subscript and a superscript.
$\displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^{ \infty } f(x) dx$
\displaystyle \int_{-\infty}^{ \infty } f(x) dx
Adding "\displaystyle" causes the expression to be displayed in a larger format. When including multiple symbols within the integral section, they are enclosed in curly brackets.
$\begin{eqnarray} \int_0^1 x dx = \left[ \frac{x^2}{2} \right]_0^1 = \frac{1}{2} \end{eqnarray}$
\begin{eqnarray} \int_0^1 x dx = \left[ \frac{x^2}{2} \right]_0^1 = \frac{1}{2} \end{eqnarray}
Here is an example of a integral calculation:
$\iint_D f(x,y) dxdy$
\iint_D f(x,y) dxdy
By stacking the symbol "i" (integral) multiple times, such as "\iint" for double integral, "\iiint" for triple integral, and "\iiiint" for quadruple integral, we represent iterated integrals.
$\idotsint_D f(x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_n) dx_1 \cdots dx_n$
\idotsint_D f(x_1, x_2, \ldots , x_n) dx_1 \cdots dx_n
By combining "int", "dots", and "int" together, we get the symbol "idotsint."
$\oint_C f(z) dz$
\oint_C f(z) dz
The symbol "oint" represents a contour integral, where the "o" attached to the "int".